Articles Posted in How to Purchase a NFA Title II (Class 3) Firearm

crime-tape.jpgFree NFA Trusts from your dealer – are they worth the paper they are written on, or could you face jail time for relying on bad advise from your dealer?

Recently I was contacted by a client who’s gun dealer provides their clients a free Revocable Trust to purchase NFA items. After reviewing the Free NFA Gun Trust Form, I was shocked to discover that there was no way this trust could create a valid trust. A trust by definition must separate beneficial and legal ownership of the assets that are held in the trust. If this is not done, there is no trust. If there is no trust, any transfer to the trust is a violation of the NFA whether or not approved by the ATF. If you are in possession of a NFA firearm and your trust is not valid, you have committed multiple violations of the NFA each of which is subject to a 10 year jail sentence, $250,000 in fines & forfeiture of the firearms.

While some people are interested in only acquiring the firearms, many are interested in protecting their family and friends from illegal purchases, transfers, possession and other activities that would subject them to 10 years in jail and $250,000 penalties associated with each NFA violation for a trust.

AlcatrazThe NFA defines who can own a Title II firearm as a natural person, corporation or trust…. When an individual makes application to own a Title II firearm they are the only person who can be in possession or have access to the firearm. This creates a problem for many individuals who are married, have others who know the combination or how to gain access to the items, or want to allow others to use the firearms, even in their presence.

Joshua Prince has written and excellent analysis of the case law surrounding constructive possession and the US v. Turnbough case which stated that the Government may establish constructive possession by demonstrating that the defendant exercised ownership, dominion or control over the premises in which the contraband is concealed. Joshua goes on the state that if a spouse or other person does have the combination to the safe where the NFA firearms are kept it would be virtually impossible for the prosecutor to show that the other individual knowingly has the power to exercise dominion and control over the firearms.

The real problem occurs when another does have access to the items or can exercise dominion and control over the NFA firearm because the prosecutor can then charge that individual with constructive possession. In US v. Turnbough, an illegal firearm was in Turnbough’s home and the court of appeals found that a reasonable jury could have found that he, his live in girlfriend, and her child could conclude that all three parties exercised dominion and control over the gun and the possession could be either sole or joint.

A Gun Trust is different than a typical Revocable Trust. While it is possible to hold other assets in a NFA Gun Trust, we recommend that only firearms be placed in the trust.  There is no reason to subject your other assets to the liability associated with the improper use, possession, or transfer of these items.  No other trust begins to deal with the many unique issues of Title II firearms ownership, possession, transfer, and use.  The NFA Gun Trust has been reviewed and modified by more than 75 Estate planning and/or Firearms law lawyers who are licensed in more than 40 states. Whether your goal is to purchase a single silencer or hundreds of Title II firearms, our NFA Gun Trust can be easily modified to address your specific issues.

There are many problems in using a traditional trust when dealing with firearms.  Its not enough for a beneficiary to reach a certain age prior to distributing an asset like you would do with a couch, picture on the wall, or bank account.  You must ascertain the geographic location of the beneficiary, determine whether the items are legal in that state, determine if the beneficiary is legally eligible to receive, own, or possess the items, and most importantly determine if the beneficiary is mature and responsible enough to be in possession of the firearms.  We all know that one of the most important things with gun ownership is training.  We would never hand a gun to someone without providing them instructions on how to use it, but that is exactly what we do when we use a traditional trust.   In addition, we put our family members and friends at risk when they carry out the instructions in the trust because most trusts instruct the successor trustee  to break them law, when holding, purchasing, or selling assets by not pointing out how these simple actions will violate the NFA and create criminal and civil liabilities for our family members.  Above is only one of the many areas that illustrate why a traditional trust is not suitable for firearms, much less Title II firearms.

In addition to the many protections created for your family, a NFA firearms trust can help you acquire class 3 weapons without the need for fingerprints or CLEO sign off.  Many CLEO’s  are refusing to look at Form 4’s and/or Form 1’s.  

While there are many benefits of an NFA Trust, I am often asked for some of the main benefits. I have a list of 10 of the main benefits of an NFA trust. The benefits vary based on each individual’s circumstances but most of these apply to everyone.

1) The ability to tell your representatives how to properly transfer these assets upon your death;

2) The ability to transfer assets to children even below the age of 18 at a later time while giving the trustee the ability to look at the child’s mental state, physical location, and age in addition to whether the child is legally able to own, possess, or use the firearms;

Last week there was an issue where an individual was contacted by the ATF in an effort to seize his Title II firearms because of an irregularity with his Trust. A Gun Trust Lawyer® reviewed, amended, and restated the trust in question, creating a valid and enforceable trust that deals with the unique issues of NFA Firearms ownership, transfer, and possession. The BATFE had a justifiable reason to pursue the forfeiture action and the original reports on the subguns forum were accurate. After discussions with the BATFE and presentation of a valid Trust the BATFE decided to cease and desist their forfeiture action at this time and the individual is no longer in jeopardy of having his items seized, being arrested, or being fined.  The BATFE and individual have requested that the details not be disclosed.  The BATFE does not want to jeopardize similar ongoing investigations involving invalid trusts.  We can state that the issues involved with this action have been covered elsewhere on this website.

If you created a trust with Quicken or Legal Zoom, you should follow Legal Zoom’s and Intuit’s advice and have your trust reviewed by an attorney to avoid potential problems. The creators of these programs did not anticipate that individuals would be using the documents in situations that could result in criminal liability.

You may choose to have the trust reviewed to determine if the trust is valid, or reviewed to see if there are issues with the NFA that are not dealt with in your trust, but either way it is important to have your trust reviewed by someone who is familiar with estate planning as well as the NFA.

Joshua Prince a 3rd year law student has written an article on the BATFE approving an invalid trust.  Apparently an  individual on Silencertalk.com received back two approved Form 1’s and on the back of one of his forms it stated “Consult counsel w/ the filing of your trust, proves to be invalid”

There have been several articles on why Quicken should not be used for creating a trust including an article by Mr. Prince which applies PA law to some factors I found as well as Using Quicken to prepare a trust: The good, the bad, and ugly! 

Josh contemplates that while the trust is invalid no transfer can take place and the the assets in the trust could be subject to a forfeiture action and anyone in possession could be subject to criminal charges for invalidly being in possession of a Title II firearm without properly transferring the firearm.

NFA Trust Attorney David Goldman and the Gun Trust Lawyer®‘s blog have 40 NFA trust attorneys who are licensed in states around the country. If you need help creating a NFA Firearms Trust to purchase, hold, or use items restricted by the NFA or help when your CLEO will not sign your Form 4 or Form 1 transfer of Class 3 licensed Title II firearms Contact a Gun Trust Attorney in any State or for help with a Florida or South Carolina Gun trust contact us.

There are several articles on AR15.com that discuss trusts for Title II firearms.  While much of the information is correct, there are a few problems with the articles and what is stated does not apply in all states.  You should have your trust verified by a lawyer for compliance with the NFA and state laws. 

Remember, although Quicken can be used to create a trust – the resulting trust is not appropriate for NFA items. There are many problems with these trusts and compliance with state laws.  For an example of the problems with Quicken 2009 you might read

Using Quicken to prepare a trust: The good, the bad, and ugly!

On Thursday December 11th, 2008 the Law Office of David M. Goldman PLLC will be providing training to the management and sales people at Shooters in Jacksonville Florida on the benefits and advantages of using an NFA Trust to purchase and hold Title II weapons under the NFA.  If you have a Gun Store and sell Title II firearms please contact a  Gun Trust Lawyer® to schedule training for your staff.

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